AFI Wk 11 UNESCO Response to Covid 19 Sustainable Development Reading Discussion Read the following:
UNESCO sustainable development.pdf
(Since this is a long report, focus on understanding the overall international trend and identifying what’s notable for us as arts managers/students).
UNESCO’s response to Covid-19 (Links to an external site.)
Post a 100-150 word response, including your takeaways, insights, and two questions you had regarding the topic, to the Canvas discussion board. Then, provide a thoughtful response to two other classmates’ responses, offering feedback on their thoughts and/or answering their question(s).
We will bring discussions from Canvas to class each week. (NOTE: Your questions should be bigger, open-ended ones you have about the reading which can initiate discussions among the class. They should NOT be simple ones such as “who is the author of this article?” “what is the definition of arts advocacy?” but more along the lines with “how can we, as college students, advocate for the arts?” CULTURE AND PUBLIC POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Couv résumé UK-FR2.qxp_Mise en page 1 29/10/2019 14:39 Page1
United Nations
Cultural Organization
Sustainable
Development
Goals
Culture
and Public
Policy
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
9 789231 003523
2019
FORUM OF MINISTERS
OF CULTURE I 2019
United Nations
Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
Sustainable
Development
Goals
Culture
and Public
Policy
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
FORUM OF MINISTERS
OF CULTURE I 2019
Published in 2019 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,
7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France
© UNESCO 2019
ISBN 978-92-3-100352-3
This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO)
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication,
the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository
(http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en).
The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of
UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.
Graphic and cover design: Grace Hodeir/Recto Verso, Courbevoie (France)
Printed by: Graph-imprim, Créteil (France)
Cultural Policies and Development
Culture Sector, UNESCO
In an increasingly fragmented and fragile world, we must
be guided by this philosophy, as we re-examine the
fundamental role of culture in public policies. We are faced
with new challenges whose scope and complexity have emerged over the past twenty years. Today, more
than ever, it is vital to ensure the protection and promotion of cultural diversity, in societies where new
fault lines are emerging due to the combined effect of growing inequalities, the resurgence of conflicts
and the increase in migration flows. In our increasingly urban societies, cultural diversity is an essential
component and a crucial source of collective intelligence. Digital technologies are radically transforming
people’s relationship to work and knowledge, accelerating the spread of new opportunities –
democratizing access to culture, creating new professions and forging innovative solutions – whilst also
raising new challenges. The urgency of tackling climate change also requires us to rethink our economic
models and our societies in order to build a more just and sustainable world.
Unlocking the transformative potential of culture for sustainable development is our common ambition
and this process is already underway. Culture is firmly anchored in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, and Member States themselves are giving it an increasingly important place in their
national development programmes, in the fields of education, economic development, development and
social inclusion. Over the past twenty years, UNESCO’s Cultural Conventions and programmes have
adapted their approaches and instruments to enhance their impact on sustainable development, resulting
in new tools to support Member States in their cultural policies. A variety of actors and networks have
contributed to enriching and reinforcing cultural policies. Cities, as levers of innovation, have become
important actors in harnessing culture to revitalize public spaces, support education for sustainable
development, nurture intercultural dialogue and facilitate the integration of vulnerable populations. The
increasing involvement of civil society in sustainable development also lays the foundation for more
inclusive policies.
Societies evolve and we must evolve with them. These profound changes directly challenge cultural policies.
In more fragmented societies, cultural policies must respond to the aspirations of diverse populations, as
well as guarantee pluralism and respect for fundamental rights. Faced with the challenges of sustainable
development, culture must play a transversal and decisive role in all areas of public policy. Cultural policies
must also be part of multi-stakeholder dialogue, in order to converge these new dynamics, in which States
– the guarantors of fundamental rights and main regulators – actively collaborate with international
and regional organizations, local authorities, the private sector and civil society.
It is in this context that UNESCO is organizing a Forum of Ministers of Culture on 19 November 2019.
Twenty-one years after the last Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies in Stockholm, Sweden,
the Organization is once again bringing its Member States together to reaffirm the cross-cutting role of
culture in public policy and the importance of inter-ministerial dialogue as a platform for exchange,
sharing and mobilization. Presented on the occasion of the Forum, this publication – produced in
collaboration with regional and sub-regional intergovernmental organizations – provides an overview of
the priorities, trends and perspectives of cultural policies in the light of the challenges of sustainable
development. It encourages us to place culture at the heart of the political project to forge the societies
of tomorrow, that more inclusive and sustainable, echoing the founding mandate of UNESCO.
3
INTRODUCTION
CULTURE IS A SPACE
FOR DIALOGUE IN OUR
COMMUNITIES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This publication would not have been possible without the contribution and
support of many institutions, experts and professionals, as well as UNESCO
Field Offices, which were instrumental in mobilizing contributions at the
regional and subregional levels.
Under the leadership of Ernesto Ottone R., Assistant Director-General for
Culture of UNESCO, the editorial team was directed by Paola Leoncini Bartoli
and included Denise Bax, Emmanuelle Robert, Clare Sharkey, Elke Selter and
Yiline Zhao.
A number of UNESCO professionals have provided their time, knowledge and
support, including acting as an internal review board. We would like to thank
Guiomar Alonso Cano, Alhanouf Almogbil, Getu Assefa, Barbara Blanchard,
Gabriel Brunnich, Olivia Burns, Juanita Casas Castrillon, Melika Medici Caucino,
Kamonrath Chayamarit, Moe Chiba, Etienne Clément, Danielle Cliche,
Benedetta Cosco, Timothy Curtis, Laura De Stefani, Philippe Delanghe, Peter
Debrine, Damir Dijakovic, Hanh Duong Bich, Dorine Dubois, Jamel Eddine Ben
Abdallah, Lazare Eloundou Assomo, Laura Frank, Oriol Freixa Matalonga,
Mutana Wanjira Gakuru, Sara Garcia de Ugarte, Francisco Gómez Durán, Maria
Gropa, Himalchuli Gurung, Junhi Han, Karim Hendili, Florisse Hendschel, Jan
Hladik, Muhammad Juma, Danni Huang, François Langlois, Rita Mae Louise
Hyde, Beatrice Kaldun, Noor Kayyal, Aigul Khalafova, Doyun Lee, Feng Jing,
George Joseph, Jyoti Hosagrahar, Injee Kim, Ke Leng, Christian Manhart,
Laurence Mayer-Robitaille, Wally Merotto, Karalyn Monteil, Hélène Morales,
Tania Morales, Caroline Munier, Masanori Nagaoka, Qiaobo Ni, Adele Nibona,
Shrestha Nipuna, Franck Nkaya, Annie Claude Nsom Zamo, Lynne Patchett,
Leandro Peredo, Yuri Peshkov, Krista Pikkat, Gerson Pineda, Edouard Planche,
Rochelle Roca-Hachem, Michele Romano, Matteo Rosati, Mauro Rosi,
Mechtild Rössler, Marissa Potasiak, Chak Prom, Rasul Samadov, Giovanni Scepi,
Suzanne Schnuttgen, Sinisa Sesum, May Shaer, Sinaolevanu Sofa, Montakarn
Suvanatap, Akatsuki Takahashi, Margarida Tor, and Sokona Tounkara Souletie.
The regional studies were conducted with the support of scientific input from
numerous professionals, experts and institution representatives from different
regions of the world. We would like to thank in particular Jellal Abdelkefi, Ahmed
Abou Gheit, Yacine Adnene, Habiba Alaoui, Houda al-Shawwa, Pernille
Askerud, Florence Baillon, Sydney Bartley, Abderraouf Basti, Wafa Belgacem,
Habib Belhedi, Azedine Beschaouch, Hilary Brown, Lim Bunhok, Zoe Caselli,
Saousen Darwaza, Ismail Ibrahim Daoud, Riane de Haas-Bledoeg, Mohamed
Edoummou, Mourad El Kadiri, Brahim El Mazned, Galila Elkadi, Richard
Engelhardt, Ernesto Espíndola, Ahmed Ezzet, Dimiter Gantchev, Liza Gisbert,
Anaya González, Ismael González, Hayet Guettat, Mahmoud Guettat, Hanane
Haj Ali, Elvira Ilibezova, Teruo Jinnai, Sabrina Kamili, Aslan Kerembekov, Sudary
Khuon, Eng Kok-Thay, Lucile Esther Kouassi-Ble, Alexander Kovalevski, Carlos
Kroll, Leituala Kuiniselani, Abderrahmane Lahi, Dampha Lang Fafa, A Faumuina
La’ulu, Sylvain Lelong, Lafaele Lupo, Mbuyamba Lupwishi, Sally Mabrouk,
Hamadou Mande, Alfons Martinell Sempere, Rodrigo Martínez, Angela
Martins, Luisa Mavoa, Sonia Mbarek, Selim Naffar, Tublu Komi N’Kegbe Foga,
Valérie Oka Kokore, Daniele Pini, Reem Qassem, Andrea Richards, Mahmoud
4
The regional studies on priorities and trends pertaining to cultural policies in
different regions of the world have been carried out in partnership with a
number of sub-regional and regional intergovernmental organizations to whom
we are truly grateful. We would like to thank in particular the Asian Cultural
Council (ACC), the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific
Organization (ALECSO), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the
Council of Ministers of Culture of South-East Europe (CoMoCoSEE), the
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
(ECLAC), the European Union (EU), the Pacific Community (SPC) and the
Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB). The regional studies have also
benefited from inputs from a number of governmental partners, including the
Department of Canadian Heritage and the Ministry of Culture and
Communications of Quebec, as well as the contribution of UNESCO Member
States as part of the consultation process launched by UNESCO in preparation
for the Forum of Ministers of Culture.
In addition, the regional studies benefited from substantial contributions from
scientific and technical partners including the Asian Vision Institute (AVI), the
Centre for the Study of Public Opinion and Forecasting (El-Pikir) and the
Observatory of African Cultural Policies (OCPA).
Finally, our special thanks go to Grace Hodeir and Nadia Tabangi (Recto Verso),
to whom we owe the design and layout of the publication, as well as Alison
Clayson, Julie Pereira and Juliette Rio, who ensured the copy-editing and
proofreading of the original versions of the regional studies and the texts of the
present publication. Many collaborators, within and outside UNESCO, were
involved in the translation and production of the publication and we would like
to thank them all.
5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Rouka, Ajara Sadukova, Mourad Sakli, Valentina Sherbakova, Ahmed Skounti,
María Paulina Soto Labbé, Yara Suos, Daniel Taboga, Toelupe Tago-Elisara,
Elvira Tashkulova, Enrique Vargas Flores, Souayibou Varissou, Carlos Villaseñor,
Invey Yan, Rana Yazaji, and Fethi Zghonda.
CONTENTS
3
Introduction
4
Acknowledgements
6
Contents
7
Culture, Public Policy and Sustainable Development:
UNESCO’s Missions and Prospects
21
Regional Snapshots:
Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
1 EUROPE & NORTH AMERICA
2 CENTRAL ASIA, EASTERN EUROPE & CAUCASUS
3 LATIN AMERICA
4 CARIBBEAN
5 ASIA
6 PACIFIC
7 AFRICA
8 ARAB STATES
102
Abbreviations
103
References
6
Sustainable development: a shared commitment
New challenges place culture on the frontline of addressing social issues
Over the last two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of new challenges whose scope,
complexity and interdependence have shaped the public policy landscape as a whole. These issues raise
fresh questions for cultural policies, creating unprecedented challenges and opportunities in the field of
culture, but also requiring a re-examination of the fundamental role of culture in societies, its anchoring in
public policies and its potential contribution to building a more just, equitable and sustainable world.
Ensuring the protection and promotion of cultural diversity to build pluralistic and democratic societies is
a key challenge. Increasing inequalities within and between countries is now a reality in all regions of the
world. The deep disparities in access to basic services, education and health are undermining societies.
Large-scale civil protest movements reflect the growing vulnerability of a section of the population, both
in terms of their ability to enjoy a decent life and exercise their fundamental rights. The acceleration of
migratory flows over the past decade – whether related to armed conflict or economic insecurity – also
raises new challenges, both for host countries and those who see their human capital being eroded, especially
among younger generations. In both the North and the South, new faultlines and new or resurgent forms
of discrimination against certain population categories are appearing. This fragmentation highlights the dual
responsibility of countries, which must guarantee a plurality of voices, while preserving their cultural
identities and ensuring inclusive societies. In this context, the purpose of cultural policies is now to promote
respect for human rights and intercultural dialogue, while encouraging social cohesion, inclusion, resilience,
participation and access to culture for all, all of which serve as guarantors of peace.
In some parts of the world, economic and social inequalities have contributed to an upsurge in conflicts or
protracted crises, with increasing economic and social repercussions. The unprecedented acceleration of
economic migration and prolonged refugee situations are direct consequences of this. The rise in conflicts
has had a strong impact on culture, with an increase in the intentional destruction of cultural heritage and
violations of cultural and human rights that undermine respect for cultural diversity. Crisis situations also
weaken living heritage, which is essential for the resilience of communities.
The urgency of tackling climate change and the deterioration of marine and terrestrial ecosystems is now
a reality for us all. The accelerated disappearance of animal and plant species, the weakening of human
habitats, and increasing pressure on cultural and natural heritage – linked in particular to the increased
frequency of disasters and extreme weather events – are a major challenge for public policies. In some
regions – particularly sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America – declining
agricultural productivity, water scarcity and rising sea levels are increasing climate migration. Beyond the
imperative of reducing CO2 emissions, what is needed is the construction of a human-centred and ecofriendly model of society that recognizes the interaction between humans and their environment, and the
intrinsic link between cultural and biological diversity as essential components of a more sustainable form
of development. The magnitude of these challenges nevertheless raises awareness of the need to establish
new dynamics. The unprecedented mobilization of civil society, especially young people, is a testament to
the desire to build global citizenship to face common challenges. Similarly, the growing role of civil society
and the private sector in the public debate on sustainable development reflects this emerging dynamic.
The acceleration in the development of digital technologies is a fundamental change that is profoundly
transforming societies and their economic models. The knowledge economy and the accelerated spread of
digital technologies are revolutionizing our relationship to work, knowledge and human life as a whole. These
7
UNESCO’S MISSIONS AND PROSPECTS
CULTURAL POLICIES
IN LIGHT OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
changes also impact our relationship with culture, and the ways in which culture is accessed and consumed.
They bring new opportunities – including the democratization of culture, the expansion of economic
opportunities, the search for solutions based on creativity and innovation – and also new challenges, in
particular the weakening of cultural diversity as a result of the concentration of markets and digital
technologies.
The increasing pace of urbanization forms the backdrop to these contemporary challenges. The world is
now predominantly urban, and this process will only accelerate. By concentrating economic, social and
environmental issues, cities reflect and amplify contemporary challenges. Cities are the main contributors
to CO2 emissions. They are also increaingly marked by socil and spatial inequalities. However, cities are
also drivers of change and sources of innovation to build a more sustainable world. This shift towards a more
urban world has had enormous consequences for culture. Increasing economic, political and climate-related
migration to cities has their accentuated cultural diversity, which is, more than ever, an essential component
of societies. Manifested in the variety of languages, cultural expressions, lifestyles and consumption patterns
now found in cities, this diversity offers enormous potential.
Although the nature and scope of these changes are still difficult to anticipate, grasp or measure, they call
for a reinvestment in the role of culture as a core component of humanity’s social project. This new global
landscape therefore directly concerns cultural policies, both in their purpose – which must be firmly aligned
with the Sustainable Development Goals – and in terms of the way they are implemented, which must be
more cross-cutting and collaborative in order to address complex and multidimensional issues.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its cross-cutting approach
Given the scale of these issues and their interconnectedness, achieving sustainable development must be
the priority of public policies today. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets
out a shared vision for a more just and sustainable world. It provides a framework to support countries in the
development and implementation of their public policies at the local, national and international levels. Based
on a holistic approach to sustainable development, looking beyond economic growth to focus on human
development – the 2030 Agenda marks a paradigm shift from the Millennium Development Goals that
preceded it, both in its scope – which now concerns all countries and not only the developing world – and
also in its conceptual approach. The 2030 Agenda is based on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
and 169 Targets, structured around five pillars, defined by 5 P’s (People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and
Partnerships). These five pillars reflect both the essential dimensions of sustainable development – economic,
social and environmental (People, Planet and Prosperity) – and its two essential conditions (Peace and
Partnerships). Sustainable development is thus presented as a set of interrelated variables – from poverty
alleviation to education, employment, social justice and environmental protection – highlighting the close
links between different public policy areas.
Changing public policies
Towards multilevel governance
Over the past two decades, the scope and implementation of public policies, including cultural policies, have
undergone profound changes. When comparing the trajectories of different countries, certain trends emerge.
Although institutional power was formerly centred around the State, it is now influenced by a constellation of
stakeholders – regional organizations, local authorities and non-State actors who support States in their
advocacy efforts at the national level. This evolution reflects the need to build an informed and participatory
response and to renew synergies and solidarity in order to addres…
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