PHI 413 Grand Canyon University Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Research Paper Based on the required topic study materials, write a reflection about worldview and respond to following:
In 250-300 words, explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care.
In 250-300 words, explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it.
In 750-1,000 words, answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and worldview:
What is ultimate reality?
What is the nature of the universe?
What is a human being?
What is knowledge?
What is your basis of ethics?
What is the purpose of your existence?
Remember to support your reflection with the topic study materials.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
I have another 3 attachments that I will upload once the question starts there is a limit of 5 on here. Thanks. A Brief Guide to Philosophical Writing
This guide is designed especially for you as an undergraduate student taking philosophy courses
at GCU. Our goal is to assist you with understanding and successfully completing writing
assignments in various philosophy courses.
Beginning philosophy students will notice somewhat different directions and expectations for
their written assignments than typical essays in other college-level courses. This writing
specialization traces its origin to the content, purpose, and goals of the philosophical enterprise.
Let us consider together, then, some essential matters dealing with philosophical writing.
What is good philosophical writing? It involves both negative and positive elements: In a
nutshell,
“There is no such thing as a piece of good philosophical writing that is unclear, ungrammatical,
or unintelligible. Clarity and precision are essential elements here. A poor writing style militates
against both of these”1.
Thus, good philosophical writing will include the following:
• Clarity
• Precision
• Proper grammar and spelling
• Appropriate writing style
There are certain things to avoid in writing philosophy papers2:
1. Lengthy introductions. Introductions need to be very brief; concentration must be on
the main body and argument of the paper.
2. Lengthy quotations. Direct quotation ought to be restricted to only those rare cases
where another writer’s exact words selection is of great importance. Minimize even
paraphrasing since your ideas and arguments are what interest your readers.
3. Fence sitting. Indecision is ineffective in philosophical papers. Argue well and take a
clear stand on your position.
4. Cuteness. Simple, dignified, careful writing is expected of philosophical papers.
Name calling and attacks on other writers are unacceptable. Stick with careful
argumentation instead.
5. Begging the question. This logical fallacy involves presupposing the truth of
whatever it is that you are trying to show in the course of arguing for it (also known
1
Horban, P. (1993). Writing a Philosophy Paper. Retrieved from
http://www.sfu.ca/philosophy/resources/writing.html
2
As described in Horban, P. (1993). Writing a Philosophy Paper. Retrieved from
http://www.sfu.ca/philosophy/resources/writing.html
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as circular reasoning). Everyday discussions are rife with circular reasoning; good
philosophical writing avoids such.
Besides avoiding certain things, there are things to be accomplishing in writing your philosophy
paper. Let us consider seven of these things to do in you essay3:
1. Organize carefully. Outline how you plan to argue your ideas in a logical progression
that makes it easy for your reader to follow. You likely will need to let your thoughts
simmer, take a break, and return to your work a day or two later. Think process,
review, and flow.
▪ Philosophy paper introductions have three components4:
1. The part where you state your thesis. This comes toward the end.
2. The part where you motivate your project. This comes toward the
beginning.
3. The part where you supply background for understanding your thesis.
▪ Thesis (a claim that may be true or false) must be stated clearly and
concisely in the Introduction.5
2. Use the right words and define terms carefully. Choose the precise terms and ideas
that will communicate your intended meaning to the reader. Use good dictionaries
including philosophical ones. Do not presume that your reader always knows the
meaning or specific sense in which you are using a particular word. When introducing
technical language or ambiguous terms, always define the term in the sense in which
you will use it in your paper.
3. Support your claims. Presuppose your reader is somewhat skeptical; thus, write to
persuade them with solid argumentation and substantiation for all claims you make.
▪ Explain the argument if you are assigned to critiquing it6, being careful to
indicate when you are speaking in your own voice versus someone else’s
argument that you are not advocating.
▪ Deal only with the specific, particular thesis you are critiquing, rather than
trying to cover everything in a particular article or about a particular
topic7.
▪ Make an argument to support your thesis8. This should be the main focus
of your paper.
3
See Horban, P. (1993). Writing a Philosophy Paper. Retrieved from
http://www.sfu.ca/philosophy/resources/writing.html, and Rippon, S. (2008). A Brief Guide to Writing the
Philosophy Paper. Retrieved from
http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/files/phildept/files/brief_guide_to_writing_philosophy_paper.pdf
4
From Chudnoff, E. (2007). A Guide to Philosophical Writing. Retrieved from
http://www.as.miami.edu/personal/echudnoff/A Guide to Philosophical Writing.pdf
5
Rippon, S. (2008). A Brief Guide to Writing the Philosophy Paper. Retrieved from
http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/files/phildept/files/brief_guide_to_writing_philosophy_paper.pdf, pp. 1-2.
6
Ibid, 2.
7
Ibid.
8
Ibid, 3.
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
▪
▪
You may utilize other philosophers’ objections to an argument you are
critiquing, only be certain to give proper credit, while putting the
argument (objection) into your own words and working to do so in the
best form possible and perhaps even improving or extending the argument
(and if so, defending your reasoning for doing so)9.
Conclude by explaining what you think your argument has established
(except for very brief papers of three double-spaced pages or less)10.
4. Give credit. Always give credit and proper citation when quoting, paraphrasing, or
otherwise utilize another writer’s ideas or arguments; not doing so is plagiarism: a
serious academic offense that can result in ruinous academic consequences.
Assuming you are doing your own philosophical thinking already, you
may use the arguments of other thinkers in your paper. Still, you ought to
explain their argument in your own words (rather than quoting them),
showing the logical steps involved, and interpreting their argument
charitably (although not without critique where necessary)11.
5. Anticipate objections, and address them as clearly as possible, in order to strengthen
your argument. Convince your reader that the objection to your thesis or point is
either mistaken or not as strong as it first appeared. Of course, do not lie or try to
dismiss valid objections. It is always appropriate to concede weaknesses in one’s own
arguments or views. Remember that the goal of philosophy is truth and wisdom, not
convincing others that you are smart or “winning an argument” at the expense of truth
and your own integrity.
6. Edit boldly. In other words, do not be afraid of rewriting for the sake of improving
your paper.
▪ Be prepared to make revisions, sometimes substantial, and potentially
complete redo12.
▪ Remember to follow the conventions and expectations of philosophical
writing as a rule. These include such things as avoiding direct quotes (or
using them very sparingly); freely using first person personal pronouns
(“I”) and possessives (“my”), which are useful to clarifying your own
voice and arguments in contrast with others, say precisely what you mean
in concise and simply prose, avoiding ambiguous terms and verbosity;
using sign-posting, telling your readers what you have already done, what
you are going to do, and how the different parts of your paper relate; being
careful in using technical and specialized terms reserved for philosophy
(such as logical or illogical, sound or unsound, valid or invalid, true or
untrue), learning what they mean before putting them into your papers13.
9
Ibid, 6.
Ibid, 4.
11
Ibid, 6.
12
Ibid, 4.
13
Ibid, 7.
10
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
7. Proofread and keep thinking.
▪ Try to explain your argument to someone else; if you can explain it, you
may be in good shape. If not, you will need to revise it14.
▪ Pray throughout the process, trusting the Spirit’s illumination upon your
mind as you work toward finding the truth concerning the topic15.
▪ Remember that it is likely you will need to read philosophical articles very
slowly, thoughtfully, and (quite likely) several times, especially to grasp
the argument clearly and the details adequately16.
On Writing a Précis
A précis is a valuable exercise and tool for philosophical writing. The précis encompasses many
of the characteristics outlined above with an important distinction: The goal is not to argue for a
particular thesis or point, but to accurately synthesize the main arguments of a book or journal
article. A précis is similar to an abstract, yet its aim is to be much more precise and detailed in
regards to the argument of the work it is synthesizing. A good précis will distill an article to its
fundamental logical structure, making clear the author’s main argument and each sequential step
the author takes in making the argument, including all premises, and sub-arguments that serve as
premises for other arguments. One ought to take care not to be overly reliant on direct
quotations, but to summarize in one’s own words the contents and arguments, and yet represent
only the author’s ideas, content, and arguments and not one’s own17. Accuracy and faithfulness to
the original article is paramount. A précis is an excellent precursor to expounding one’s own
thoughts on an article or writing because one will have already laid bare its argument structure.
In addition, make sure the following characteristics are present in a précis:
•
•
•
Clarity and precision.
Economy and efficiency in words. The shorter the better. A précis should not be more
than one fourth the length of the original article. Usually word limits for précis are
assigned that are challenging to meet because of its brevity.
Expository in nature, and not critical or argumentative. The goal is simply to restate the
author’s argument and accurately, clearly, and precisely as possible, in as few words as
possible. One’s own thoughts, suggestions, or critiques are not the point here, though a
précis is an excellent precursor that can lead to a larger discussion or critique of the
article in question.
14
Ibid, 4.
See for example, Aquinas, T. (n.d.). Prayer for Guidance. Retrieved from http://www.ccel.org/node/4506 and
Canterbury, A. O. (1872). St. Anselm’s Book of Meditations and Prayers (M. R., Trans.). Retrieved from
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/anselm/meditations.iv.xxi.html
Twenty First Meditation.
16
Rippon, S. (2008). A Brief Guide to Writing the Philosophy Paper. Retrieved from
http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/files/phildept/files/brief_guide_to_writing_philosophy_paper.pdf, p.6.
17
Levy, S. (2014). Writing a Précis.
15
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Finally, there is no substitute for actually reading philosophy and seeing firsthand the above
characteristics. Read philosophy books and articles by professional philosophers. Read several
précis and notice their style and skill. Only then will the above skills begin to take hold in one’s
own thinking and writing.
We hope this guide helps you toward writing successful philosophy papers in all your courses
that make up your philosophy minor or emphasis. May God grant you insight and wisdom for
philosophical writing as you give your strongest effort throughout your program of study at
Grand Canyon University.
Reference:
Levy, S. (2014). Writing a Précis.
© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Grand Canyon University (Ed.). (2020). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision-making
in health care.
URL:
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2020/practicing-dignity_an-introductionto-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care_1e.php
View both “Faith and Spiritual Decision-Making in Health Care Professions” video messages to RN to BSN students from Dr.
Lisa Smith and Dr. Maria Quimba, from the College of Nursing and Health Care Professions.
URL:
https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/mediaelement/CONHCP/7285A42D-1FDE-E811-844B-005056BD1ABC
This course requires the use of a Bible. Students should use one of the following versions: the English Standard
Version (ESV), the New International Version (NIV), or the New American Standard Bible (NASB). Each of these
versions is available in print and also for free at BibleGateway.com.
Students might also find it helpful to choose a study Bible such as the NIV Life Application Study Bible or the ESV
Study Bible in order to take advantage of additional information.
Read the “Ethical Positions Statement” on the Christian Identity and Heritage webpage, under the “Foundational
Documents” section.
URL:
https://www.gcu.edu/about-gcu/christian-identity-and-heritage.php
Read the “GCU Doctrinal Statement” on the Christian Identity and Heritage webpage, under the “Foundational
Documents” section.
URL:
https://www.gcu.edu/about-gcu/christian-identity-and-heritage.php
Read the statement on the “Integration of Faith and Work” at GCU on the Christian Identity and Heritage webpage,
under “Faith Integration” section.
URL:
https://www.gcu.edu/about-gcu/christian-identity-and-heritage.php
Refer to the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for this course.
URL:
https://www.vcuhealth.org/for-medical-professionals/nursing/about-nursing-at-vcu/ana-code-ethics
Review the “Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN)” section, found in the College of Nursing and Health Care
Professions Undergraduate Field Experience Manual (2018-2019), located in the Student Success Center.
https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-successcenter/v3.1/#/?enc=pfQDIOPgUyBq4wWuT%2B0871gVKc4lkXSxHSIq%2Fu62bjCkGGYott5
RQMR8nvney1IA4mqFLzk8h8GXgERaxVGmeh9j8sAvR1s%2Fpk%2F2zDYZk5s%3D
Refer to “The Nuremberg Code” found on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website.
URL:
https://history.nih.gov/research/downloads/nuremberg.pdf
Refer to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki for this course.
URL:
https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-researchinvolving-human-subjects/
View the “Introduction to Philosophical Writing” video to help inform your philosophical writing assignments
throughout the course.
URL:
https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi403/philosophical-writing/v1.1/
Course Code
PHI-413V
Class Code
PHI-413V-O500
Criteria
Content
Percentage
90.0%
Christian Perspective of Spirituality and Ethics in
Contrast to Postmodern Relativism
30.0%
Scientism and Arguments
30.0%
Personal Perspective and Worldview
30.0%
Organization, Effectiveness, and Format
10.0%
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling,
punctuation, grammar, language use)
5.0%
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes,
references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to
assignment and style)
5.0%
Total Weightage
100%
Assignment Title
Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory
Unsatisfactory (0.00%)
Explanation of the Christian perspective of the nature of
spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of
postmodern relativism is incomplete or insufficient.
Explanation of scientism or the explanations of two main
arguments against scientism are inaccurate. Details are not
supported.
Worldview questions are not fully answered.
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede
communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or
sentence construction is used.
Sources are not documented.
Total Points
100.0
Less Than Satisfactory (65.00%)
Explanation of the Christian perspective of the nature of
spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of
postmodern relativism is unclear. Explanation is not
supported by topic study materials.
Description of scientism is accurate. Explanations of two main
arguments against scientism are unclear. Details are not
clearly supported by topic study materials.
Each of the worldview questions is answered but is lacking a
personal connection or clarity.
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the
reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word
choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not
varied.
Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as
appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous
formatting errors.
Satisfactory (75.00%)
Explanation of the Christian perspective of the nature of
spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of
postmodern relativism is clear. Explanation is not supported
by topic study materials.
Explanation of scientism is clear. Explanations of two main
arguments against scientism are clear. Details are supported
by topic study materials.
Each of the worldview questions is answered with personal
connection.
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are
not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied
sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are
employed.
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and
style, although some formatting errors may be present.
Good (85.00%)
Explanation of the Christian perspective of the nature of
spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of
postmodern relativism is clear and detailed. Explanation is
supported by topic study materials.
Explanation of scientism is clear and accurate. Explanations of
two main arguments against scientism are clear. Details are
clearly supported by topic study materials.
Each of the worldview questions is answered clearly and with
personal connection.
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may
be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence
structures and figures of speech.
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and
style, and format is mostly correct.
Excellent (100.00%)
Explanation of the Christian perspective of the nature of
spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of
postmodern relativism is clear, detailed, and demonstrates a
deep understanding of the subject. Explanation is supported
by topic study materials.
Explanation of scientism is clear and accurate. Explanations of
two main arguments against scientism are clear and
insightful. Details are clearly supported by topic study
materials.
Each of the worldview questions is answered clearly and with
deep personal insight.
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic
English.
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as
appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of
error.
Comments
Points Earned
Based on the required topic study materials, write a reflection about worldview and respond to following:
1. In 250-300 words, explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the
perspective of postmodern relativism within health care.
2.
3.
In 250-300 words, explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it.
In 750-1,000 words, answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and
worldview:
a.
What is ultimate reality?
b.
What is the nature of the universe?
c.
What is a human being?
d.
What is knowledge?
e.
What is your basis of ethics?
f.
What is the purpose of your existence?
Remember to support your reflection with the topic study materials.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and
documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA
Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with
the expectations for successful completion.
Read Chapters 1 from Practicing Dignity.
URL:
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2020/pra…
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