Saudi Electronic University Unemployment Discussion please see the attached file for the discussion. kindly ask me if you have any questionsThanks Discussi

Saudi Electronic University Unemployment Discussion please see the attached file for the discussion. kindly ask me if you have any questionsThanks Discussion Topic # 3
Unemployment
A country’s economic performance is measured using three key indicators, one of which is the
unemployment rate. When adults who are willing and able to work cannot find a job, it may be a sign
that an economy is producing less than it could. On the other hand, unemployment is also a natural
phenomenon that even healthy economies experience. While the official unemployment rate is helpful
in representing the state of a nation’s workforce, it does have some shortcomings that should be
considered, such as excluding discouraged workers.
There are three types of unemployment that economists describe: frictional, structural, and cyclical.
During recessions and expansions, the amount of cyclical unemployment changes. Cyclical
unemployment is closely related to the business cycle, and causes the deviations of the current rate of
unemployment away from the natural rate of unemployment.
The labor force participation rate (LFPR)
The labor force participation rate (LFPR) is another measure of labor market activity in the economy.
The LFPR is the percentage of the adult population that is in the labor force. The labor force includes
everyone who is either employed or unemployed. The adult population is defined as anyone who is over
the age of 16 who potentially could be part of the labor force. Anyone who is less than 16 years old, is in
the military, or is institutionalized is not considered to be potentially part of the labor force and is
excluded from this calculation.
When people enter the labor force the LFPR increases, and when people exit the labor force the LFPR
decreases. A decrease in the LFPR that occurs at the same time as a decrease in the unemployment rate
can signal that there are more discouraged workers.
Limitations of the unemployment rate
The unemployment rate as it is measured officially is often criticized for understating the level of
joblessness because it excludes anyone working at all or people who aren’t looking for work. In
particular, the official unemployment rate leaves out discouraged workers and the underemployed.
People who have given up looking for work because they are convinced that they cannot find jobs are
considered discouraged workers. Some people are counted as employed because they are working parttime, even though they really want full-time work.
Three types of unemployment
Economists primarily focus on three types of unemployment: cyclical, frictional, and structural. Cyclical
unemployment is the unemployment associated with the ups and downs of the business cycle. During
recessions, cyclical unemployment increases and drives up the unemployment rate. During expansions,
cyclical unemployment decreases and drives down the unemployment rate.
The natural rate of unemployment
The natural rate of unemployment (NRU) is the unemployment rate that exists when the economy
produces full-employment real output. NRU is equal to the sum of frictional and structural
unemployment. When an economy is producing an efficient amount of output (meaning it is operating
on its PPC), the unemployment rate will be equal to the natural rate of unemployment. Even though an
economy may be operating efficiently, there will still be some unemployment. Because of that, the
natural rate of unemployment is never equal to zero.
Changes in the natural rate of unemployment (NRU)
The natural rate of unemployment (NRU) can gradually change over time due to events such as changes
in labor force characteristics. The NRU can change due to changes in structural and frictional
unemployment. For example, a firm may want to hire fewer workers because the skills of those workers
are not needed as much as they used to be. That will cause more structural unemployment, and the
natural rate of unemployment will increase.
Discussion Topic # 3
Explain with relevant data sources from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/262524/unemployment-rate-in-saudi-arabia/ .
If a decrease in the unemployment rate isn’t necessarily a sign of an improving.

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