Valencia College Confirmation Bias in Political Media Research Report – Thank for your help in advance ! I appreciate your expertise and your professionalism.
– Other biases or other social psychology instances concerning the topic may be discussed but please keep the main topic of ( Confirmation Bias in Political Media ) in mind. Also the country of concerned is the United States.
– Attached are (2) documents that I want you to review before starting the paper.
– The first is the (Prep – Media Confirmation Bias Literary Report.docx) that outlines topics or similar topics that I would like you to cover. While not all of the ideas listed in that .doc I expect to be implemented, I do want the subject of CONFIRMATION BIAS to be covered from both sides (the media and the consumers of its media).
– I’ve also attached (A checklist for Psychology Literature Review Paper.docx) that shows the guideline I would like you to follow to complete this paper.
– Below is particularly important from that doc.
Began on a new page titled “References” (centered at top)
Used APA format: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Included EVERY source cited in the paper
Included ONLY those sources cited in the paper (do not include those sources you have read but did not cite in the text of your paper)
Included ONLY those sources from Psychology Databases (Peer reviewed Psychology journal articles/scholarly work)
*Do not include any sources from .com, books, regular magazines, newspaper articles, and any other sources not scholarly oriented.
*Do not include any sources from .com, books, regular magazines, newspaper articles, and any other sources not scholarly oriented. A checklist for Psychology Literature Review Paper
Student
Introduction
Body
Dr. Arai
1. Clearly defined and identified the general topic
or issue and provided an appropriate context
for reviewing the literature
2. Explained the criteria to be used in analyzing
and comparing literature and the organization
of the review.
1. Grouped psychological research/studies
according to subtopics / themes
2. Summarized individual studies with
appropriate amount of information
3. Integrated many different studies
*DO NOT devote a paragraph or two to each
article/source you review. INSTEAD organize by
main points and themes citing
all the sources that are relevant to that theme.
Conclusion
1. Summarized the major points
2. Summarized the key questions and/or
controversies that remain and that warrant
further research
APA style
guidelines
1. Began on a new page titled “References”
(centered at top)
2. Used APA format:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560
/01/
3. Included EVERY source cited in the paper
4. Included ONLY those sources cited in the
paper (do not include those sources you have
read but did not cite in the text of your paper)
5. Included ONLY those sources from
Psychology Databases (Peer reviewed
Psychology journal articles/scholarly work)
*Do not include any sources from .com, books,
regular magazines, newspaper articles, and any
other sources not scholarly oriented.
Originally written By Professor Lynne Bond. Reprinted with permission. Modified by Dr.
Mizuho Arai
Media Confirmation Bias Report
Social Psychology
Name: Kevin R Walker
Professor Mizuho
Course: PSY-219-WB
·
This paper will first look at how the media, both traditional and social media is useful in
spreading information among the population. The press, together with the people who use it,
can be used in the right way or wrong way.
·
The paper will then look at how people tend to believe so much on the media report and
follow them to the letter. It will show that the information available to the people tend to set
their beliefs and the way they tend to perform some duties.
·
It will demonstrate the issue of echoing opinion as shown by the media. Such a problem is
the confirmation bias in that when we people tend to think they have every detail and
objectivity in terms of beliefs. They tend to ignore the real information and pay attention to the
facts. This, therefore, leads to confirmation bias on the real issues.
·
The report will also demonstrate how the population tends to favor information regarding
previous beliefs and the existing biases.
·
The report will also demonstrate how companies have always impacted how the
population gathers information. It will show how they have affected how the consumers get
interpret things such as advertisements on the media.
·
Some of the information on the paper will be on how companies tend to drive people to
support a particular path. People tend only to seek information that goes hand in hand with
those beliefs. People tend to interpret the information in a way that is already put in their
minds, thus solidifying their attitude towards the same issues.
·
This report will then describe how media, both the social media and the traditional media,
provide information regarding the beliefs. To paint an absolute certainty in society, the media
takes up a form of knowledge.
·
The information will offer a description of the situation. It will demonstrate how the media
amplify it through continued communication and repetitions. Such repetition makes people
take up the information as the only fact. Even if anyone else comes with a different opinion, the
media will have amplified the situation and made it look like the real thing.
·
This paper will example of cases where media have shaped the opinions and continue to
develop their beliefs. For instance, in most cases, the media has formed an opinion about
political confirmation. They have shaped the way people believe in a certain kind of
information, thus causing some biases in the judgment.
·
It will demonstrate how the bloggers in social media, as well as the presenters and article
panelists, have always echoed the belief to make people move in a certain way.
·
An excellent example of the paper will be on how social media and the traditional media
have always painted the United States president as a racist, for instance. The media shows a
picture of a person who hates immigrants and always opinionated on how to push them out of
the way.
·
It will show how the president has been keen to disapprove of this notion by showing he
has a problem with immigrants. However, there is still some biases on this issue with the media
leading to an interpretation that it is all the immigrants that the president is keen to get rid of in
the United States.
·
Such a kind of bias is hindering people from objectively looking at policies and opinions.
The decision being made together with the way systems
·
This progress report will be valuable in understanding all about political confirmation bias
in the media
References
Bolin, J. L., & Hamilton, L. C. (2018). The News You Choose: news media preferences amplify
views on climate change. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 455-476.
Dubois, E., & Blank, G. (2018). The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of
political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729- 745.
Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. (2019). Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice
Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?. Communication
Research, 0093650218819671.
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Mothes, C., Johnson, B. K., Westerwick, A., & Donsbach, W. (2015).
Political online information searching in Germany and the United States: Confirmation
bias, source credibility, and attitude impacts. Journal of Communication, 65(3), 489-511.
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Mothes, C., & Polavin, N. (2017). Confirmation bias, ingroup bias,
and negativity bias in selective exposure to political information. Communication
Research, 0093650217719596.
Lex, E., Wagner, M., & Kowald, D. (2018). Mitigating confirmation bias on twitter by
recommending opposing views. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.03901.
Prat, A., & Strömberg, D. (2013). The political economy of mass media. Advances in economics
and econometrics, 2, 135.
Spohr, D. (2017). Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure
on social media. Business Information Review, 34(3), 150-160.
Miller, A. C. (2016). Confronting Confirmation. Social Education, 80(5), 276-279.
Mothes, C., & Ohme, J. (2019). Partisan selective exposure in times of political and
technological upheaval: A social media field experiment. Media and
Communication, 7(3), 42-53.
Media Confirmation Bias Report
Social Psychology
·
This paper will first look at how the media, both traditional and social media is useful in
spreading information among the population. The press, together with the people who use it,
can be used in the right way or wrong way.
·
The paper will then look at how people tend to believe so much on the media report and
follow them to the letter. It will show that the information available to the people tend to set
their beliefs and the way they tend to perform some duties.
·
It will demonstrate the issue of echoing opinion as shown by the media. Such a problem is
the confirmation bias in that when we people tend to think they have every detail and
objectivity in terms of beliefs. They tend to ignore the real information and pay attention to the
facts. This, therefore, leads to confirmation bias on the real issues.
·
The report will also demonstrate how the population tends to favor information regarding
previous beliefs and the existing biases.
·
The report will also demonstrate how companies have always impacted how the
population gathers information. It will show how they have affected how the consumers get
interpret things such as advertisements on the media.
·
Some of the information on the paper will be on how companies tend to drive people to
support a particular path. People tend only to seek information that goes hand in hand with
those beliefs. People tend to interpret the information in a way that is already put in their
minds, thus solidifying their attitude towards the same issues.
·
This report will then describe how media, both the social media and the traditional media,
provide information regarding the beliefs. To paint an absolute certainty in society, the media
takes up a form of knowledge.
·
The information will offer a description of the situation. It will demonstrate how the media
amplify it through continued communication and repetitions. Such repetition makes people
take up the information as the only fact. Even if anyone else comes with a different opinion, the
media will have amplified the situation and made it look like the real thing.
·
This paper will example of cases where media have shaped the opinions and continue to
develop their beliefs. For instance, in most cases, the media has formed an opinion about
political confirmation. They have shaped the way people believe in a certain kind of
information, thus causing some biases in the judgment.
·
It will demonstrate how the bloggers in social media, as well as the presenters and article
panelists, have always echoed the belief to make people move in a certain way.
·
An excellent example of the paper will be on how social media and the traditional media
have always painted the United States president as a racist, for instance. The media shows a
picture of a person who hates immigrants and always opinionated on how to push them out of
the way.
·
It will show how the president has been keen to disapprove of this notion by showing he
has a problem with immigrants. However, there is still some biases on this issue with the media
leading to an interpretation that it is all the immigrants that the president is keen to get rid of in
the United States.
·
Such a kind of bias is hindering people from objectively looking at policies and opinions.
The decision being made together with the way systems
·
This progress report will be valuable in understanding all about political confirmation bias
in the media
References
Bolin, J. L., & Hamilton, L. C. (2018). The News You Choose: news media preferences amplify
views on climate change. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 455-476.
Dubois, E., & Blank, G. (2018). The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of
political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729- 745.
Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. (2019). Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice
Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?. Communication
Research, 0093650218819671.
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Mothes, C., Johnson, B. K., Westerwick, A., & Donsbach, W. (2015).
Political online information searching in Germany and the United States: Confirmation
bias, source credibility, and attitude impacts. Journal of Communication, 65(3), 489-511.
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Mothes, C., & Polavin, N. (2017). Confirmation bias, ingroup bias,
and negativity bias in selective exposure to political information. Communication
Research, 0093650217719596.
Lex, E., Wagner, M., & Kowald, D. (2018). Mitigating confirmation bias on twitter by
recommending opposing views. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.03901.
Prat, A., & Strömberg, D. (2013). The political economy of mass media. Advances in economics
and econometrics, 2, 135.
Spohr, D. (2017). Fake news and ideological polarization: Filter bubbles and selective exposure
on social media. Business Information Review, 34(3), 150-160.
Miller, A. C. (2016). Confronting Confirmation. Social Education, 80(5), 276-279.
Mothes, C., & Ohme, J. (2019). Partisan selective exposure in times of political and
technological upheaval: A social media field experiment. Media and
Communication, 7(3), 42-53.
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